|
Intrapersonal communication is a communicator's internal use of language or thought. It can be useful to envision intrapersonal communication occurring in the mind of the individual in a model which contains a sender, receiver, and feedback loop. ==Definitions== Although successful communication is generally defined as being between two or more individuals, issues concerning the useful nature of intrapersonal communication made some argue that this definition is too narrow but to some extent it is also communication since there is an exchange of message within oneself. In ''Communication: The Social Matrix of Psychiatry'', Jurgen Ruesch and Gregory Bateson argue that intrapersonal communication is indeed a special case of interpersonal communication, as "dialogue is the foundation for all discourse." Intrapersonal communication can encompass: * Speaking aloud as in reading aloud, repeating what one hears, the additional activities of speaking and hearing (in the third case of hearing again) what one thinks, reads or hears. This is considered normal although this does not exactly refer to intrapersonal communication as reading aloud maybe a form of rhetorical exercise although expected in the relevant young age. * *''Talking to oneself'' - The time when there should be concern is when ''talking to oneself'' occurs outside of socially acceptable situations,〔Cauchon, Christine. (2004). ("Whistlers Mutter" ), ''Psychology Today''〕 it is a symptom of schizophrenia for example.〔(Early Signs of Schizophrenia )〕 * Internal monologue, the semi-constant internal monologue one has with oneself at a conscious or semi-conscious level. * Writing (by hand, or with a word processor, etc.) one's thoughts or observations: the additional activities, on top of thinking, of writing and reading back may again increase self-understanding ("How do I know what I mean until I see what I say?") and concentration. It aids ordering one's thoughts; in addition it produces a record that can be used later again. Copying text to aid memorizing, and note taking also falls in this category. * * Writing need not be limited to words in a natural or even formal language. Doodling also falls into this category. Children may be communicating intrapersonally when they doodle and adults sometimes argue that they do... * Making gestures while thinking: the additional activity, on top of thinking, of body motions, may again increase concentration, assist in problem solving, and assist memory. * * Again, routinely observed in children, the equivalent of doodling without writing. Everyday images are transformed by gestures that form a new lens through which to view the images. * Sense-making (see Karl Weick) e.g. interpreting maps, texts, signs, and symbols * Interpreting non-verbal communication (see Albert Mehrabian) e.g. gestures, eye contact * Communication between body parts; e.g. "My stomach is telling me it's time for lunch." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Intrapersonal communication」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|